Forecast models

NOAA / NCEP

The US global model at 0.25°, run four times a day out to 16 days — the most widely used free GRIB source for sailors.

ECMWF

Europe's flagship global model at ~9 km, widely regarded as the most skilful medium-range model; free open data at 0.25°.

DWD

The German Weather Service global model at ~13 km, four main runs a day with free open data.

Météo-France

Météo-France's global model with a stretched grid that is finest over France and Western Europe.

Met Office

The UK Met Office global model (~10 km) behind UK and many international marine forecasts.

ECCC

Environment Canada's global GEM model at ~15 km, run twice a day out to 10 days.

JMA

The Japan Meteorological Agency global model, particularly strong in the Northwest Pacific and typhoon season.

Bureau of Meteorology

Australia's global model, relevant for Australasia, the Southern Ocean and Indian Ocean passages.

US Navy FNMOC

The US Navy global model, offered as an alternative GRIB source in some routing tools.

China Meteorological Administration

China's operational global model, formerly known as GRAPES_GFS.

KMA

The Korea Meteorological Administration's in-house global model.

NCMRWF

India's Unified-Model-based global forecast, relevant for the Indian Ocean and monsoon passages.

CPTEC / INPE

Brazil's global atmospheric model, relevant for the South Atlantic.

India Meteorological Department

India's operational version of the GFS global model at about 12 km, the basis of IMD forecasts for the Indian Ocean and Bay of Bengal.

Hydrometcentre of Russia

The Russian Hydrometcentre's operational global model, used for Russian forecasts including the Arctic seas.

ECMWF

ECMWF's operational machine-learning global model, published as free open data four times a day.

Google DeepMind

Google DeepMind's machine-learning global deterministic and ensemble models, available through partners and experimental feeds.

Huawei

Huawei's machine-learning global model, run experimentally by ECMWF and others.

NVIDIA

NVIDIA's machine-learning global model with experimental public runs.

Microsoft

Microsoft's foundation model for atmospheric forecasting.

Fudan University

A machine-learning medium-range global forecast model from Fudan University.

NOAA

NOAA's machine-learning global forecast (AIGFS), based on GraphCast and started from GFS analyses; made operational in December 2025.

DWD

DWD's global machine-learning forecast model, trained on its ICON-based reanalysis and run operationally alongside the physics-based ICON.

Google DeepMind

Google DeepMind's machine-learning global weather model, the successor to GraphCast and GenCast, with open code and weights.

Shanghai AI Laboratory

A machine-learning global medium-range model at 0.25° from the Shanghai AI Laboratory, run experimentally by several centres.

NOAA / NCEP

NOAA's high-resolution ensemble and high-resolution windows for CONUS, Hawaii, Puerto Rico and Alaska.

NOAA / NCEP

NOAA's short-range regional ensemble for North America.

NOAA / NCEP

The 31-member GFS ensemble, four times a day — used for probabilistic wind and routing uncertainty.

ECMWF

ECMWF's 51-member global ensemble, with a subset published as free open data.

ECMWF

The ensemble version of ECMWF's machine-learning AIFS model.

DWD

DWD's ICON global ensemble and its higher-resolution European nest (ICON-EU-EPS).

Met Office

The UK Met Office global ensemble.

ECCC

Environment Canada's global ensemble, combined with GEFS to form NAEFS.

JMA

The Japan Meteorological Agency's global ensemble.

Bureau of Meteorology

Australia's global ensemble prediction system.

NOAA / NCEP

NOAA's machine-learning global ensemble of 31 members, based on GraphCast and made operational in December 2025; it uses a fraction of the computing of the physics-based GEFS.

NOAA / NCEP

NOAA's 62-member hybrid ensemble, made of the 31 members of the AI-based AIGEFS and the 31 members of the physics-based GEFS.

MeteoSwiss

MeteoSwiss's ensemble versions of its 1 km and 2 km ICON models for the Alps, giving the range of outcomes for lake and mountain weather.

Met Office

The Met Office's 2.2 km ensemble for the UK and surrounding seas, updated hourly; gives the spread of possible weather around the UKV forecast.

Météo-France

Météo-France's AROME-based ensemble for France, the Channel, Biscay and the western Mediterranean.

Météo-France

Météo-France's global ARPEGE ensemble, with its stretched grid finest over France and Europe.

DWD

DWD's 2.2 km ensemble version of ICON-D2, with 20 members, for short-range probabilities of wind, gusts and thunderstorms.

ECCC

ECCC's regional ensemble for North America, giving probabilities for the next few days.

NOAA / ECCC

The combined US (GEFS) and Canadian (GEPS) global ensembles, bias-corrected and blended into one larger ensemble.

NCMRWF

India's global ensemble from NCMRWF at about 12 km, for probabilistic forecasts over the Indian Ocean region.

China Meteorological Administration

The China Meteorological Administration's global ensemble prediction system.

NOAA / NCEP

NOAA's 3 km hourly-updated model for the contiguous US and coastal waters, out to 18 h (48 h every 6 hours).

NOAA / NCEP

The 3 km HRRR domain for Alaska and adjacent waters, run every 3 hours.

NOAA / NCEP

NOAA's 12 km North American model with a 3 km CONUS nest, four runs a day.

NOAA / NCEP

NOAA's 13 km hourly-updated North American model.

NOAA

NOAA's FV3-based convection-allowing system, the planned replacement for HRRR and NAM.

NOAA / NWS

A calibrated blend of many models, including marine wind and wave guidance for US waters.

NOAA / NWS

The official forecaster-edited US gridded forecast, including offshore marine zones.

ECCC

Environment Canada's 2.5 km model covering Canada, the Great Lakes and coastal waters.

ECCC

Environment Canada's 10 km regional model for North America.

CPTEC / INPE

Brazil's regional models for South America and the western South Atlantic.

Servicio Meteorológico Nacional

Argentina's regional WRF run covering Argentina, Uruguay and the Río de la Plata.

JMA

Japan's 5 km mesoscale and 2 km local forecast models for Japanese waters.

KMA

South Korea's local and regional models for the Korean Peninsula and surrounding seas.

China Meteorological Administration

China's 3 km regional model covering China and adjacent seas.

Hong Kong Observatory

Hong Kong Observatory's high-resolution models for the Pearl River Delta and northern South China Sea.

Bureau of Meteorology

Australia's city- and regional-scale models, including waters used by the Sydney–Hobart race.

MetService

MetService's high-resolution model for New Zealand waters.

MetOcean Solutions (MetService)

Wind and wave models for New Zealand and South Pacific islands, built for marine users.

South African Weather Service

South Africa's Unified Model run covering southern Africa and the Cape of Good Hope waters.

Météo-France

Météo-France's high-resolution models for French overseas territories — key for Caribbean, Indian Ocean and Pacific cruising.

DWD

DWD's 6.5 km European nest of ICON, updated every 3 hours — a popular free choice for European coastal sailing.

DWD

DWD's ~2 km convection-permitting model for Germany and surroundings, including the western Baltic, every 3 hours out to 48 h.

Météo-France

Météo-France's 1.3 km high-resolution model for France and surrounding seas, excellent for local winds such as the Mistral.

Météo-France

The higher-resolution 0.1° European output of Météo-France's ARPEGE model.

MET Norway, SMHI, FMI & partners

The Nordic 2.5 km HARMONIE-AROME model (deterministic and ensemble) covering Scandinavia and the Baltic, updated frequently.

DMI

The Danish Meteorological Institute's high-resolution HARMONIE model for Danish waters, the North Sea and Baltic, plus Iceland/Greenland domains.

Estonian Environment Agency

Estonia's high-resolution HARMONIE-AROME run with local detail for the Gulf of Finland, Gulf of Riga and Estonian islands.

KNMI

The Dutch 2.5 km HARMONIE model for the Netherlands and the North Sea (part of the UWC-West collaboration).

Met Éireann

Ireland's high-resolution HARMONIE model and IREPS ensemble for Irish waters.

AEMET

Spain's high-resolution HARMONIE-AROME runs for the Iberian Peninsula, Balearics and Canary Islands.

IPMA

Portugal's high-resolution AROME/ALADIN runs for mainland Portugal, Madeira and the Azores.

Met Office

The Met Office 1.5 km model for the UK and near waters, updated hourly; MOGREPS-UK is its ensemble.

MeteoSwiss

MeteoSwiss's 1–2 km ICON models for the Alpine region, useful for Swiss and north-Italian lake sailing.

ItaliaMeteo / Aeronautica Militare

Italy's high-resolution ICON model (successor to COSMO-2I) for Italian waters.

DHMZ

Croatia's high-resolution model, renowned for bora and jugo winds — key for Croatian charter sailing.

ARSO

Slovenia's high-resolution ALADIN run covering the northern Adriatic.

GeoSphere Austria

Austria's high-resolution AROME model (with the C-LAEF ensemble), useful for Alpine lake sailing.

RMI

Belgium's ALARO model covering the Belgian coast and southern North Sea.

CHMI

The Czech ALADIN model covering Central Europe.

IMGW

Poland's ALARO model covering Poland and the southern Baltic coast.

ICM, University of Warsaw

A high-resolution Unified Model run from Warsaw, popular among sailors on the Polish Baltic coast.

University of Athens

A Mediterranean-focused regional model from the University of Athens, known for meltemi forecasts.

National Observatory of Athens

A high-resolution WRF run for Greece and the Aegean from the National Observatory of Athens.

HCMR

Greece's combined atmosphere, wave and ocean forecasting system for the Aegean.

MeteoGalicia

A high-resolution WRF run for Galicia and the northwest Iberian Atlantic coast.

LaMMA Tuscany

Tuscany's high-resolution WRF run for the Ligurian and Tyrrhenian Seas.

CNR-ISAC

Italian research-operational models from CNR-ISAC covering Italy and the central Mediterranean.

Turkish State Meteorological Service

Turkey's regional WRF/ALARO runs covering the Turkish coast, Aegean and Black Sea.

DWD

DWD's rapid-update version of ICON-D2, started every hour with a 27-hour range, for very short-range forecasts of squalls and thunderstorms.

MET Norway

MET Norway's 2.5 km AROME model for the European Arctic, including northern Norway, Svalbard and the Barents Sea.

Météo-France

Météo-France's AROME immediate forecast, run every hour for the next few hours, for nowcasting showers and wind shifts.

Meteorological Service Singapore

Singapore's convection-permitting model, developed with the Met Office, for tropical squalls over the Singapore Strait and nearby waters.

ECCC

Environment and Climate Change Canada's global wave forecast, driven by its GDPS winds.

ECCC

ECCC's regional wave forecasts for the Great Lakes and Canada's Atlantic and Pacific waters.

NOAA / NWS

NOAA's high-resolution wave forecast for the five Great Lakes, used for the NWS nearshore and open-lake forecasts.

Puertos del Estado

Spain's state ports agency forecasts of waves, sea level and currents for Spanish waters and ports (SAPO, Nivmar, SAMOA systems).

Ifremer

Ifremer's coastal wave and current forecasts (WAVEWATCH III and MARS3D) for the French coasts, with fine detail in bays and estuaries.

JMA

The Japan Meteorological Agency's global and coastal wave models, the basis of its ocean wave forecasts and charts.

INCOIS

India's ocean state forecasts of waves, swell, currents and sea temperature for the Indian Ocean and Indian coasts.

BMKG

Indonesia's wave forecast system for the Indonesian archipelago and surrounding seas, used for BMKG maritime forecasts.

Bureau of Meteorology

The Bureau of Meteorology's wave forecast system, with global and regional versions for Australian waters.

NOAA / NCEP

NOAA's global WAVEWATCH III wave model driven by GFS winds, four runs a day; GEFS-Wave is its ensemble.

ECMWF

ECMWF's global wave model coupled to IFS, with ensemble waves (ENS-WAM); part of the free open data.

DWD

DWD's global, European and coastal wave models driven by ICON winds.

Météo-France

Météo-France's wave model, which also powers the Copernicus Marine global wave forecast.

Met Office

The Met Office's global, European and UK wave models.

NOAA / NWS

High-resolution nearshore wave forecasts run by local NWS offices along US coasts.

FMI

The Finnish Meteorological Institute's Baltic Sea wave model.

SMHI, DMI

Swedish and Danish wave models for the Baltic, Kattegat, Skagerrak and North Sea.

MET Norway

MET Norway's high-resolution wave model for the Norwegian coast and Barents Sea.

NOAA / GLERL

Hydrodynamic forecasts of currents, water temperature and levels for the Great Lakes.

ECCC

ECCC's high-resolution coastal ocean and ice forecasts (currents, water level, temperature, ice) for the Canadian coasts.

ECCC

ECCC's regional ocean and sea-ice forecasts for the North Atlantic, Canadian Arctic and Arctic Ocean.

Bureau of Meteorology

The Bureau of Meteorology's ocean forecast system for currents, temperature and sea level, finest around Australia.

Mercator Ocean / Copernicus Marine

Daily global forecast of currents, temperature and salinity from Copernicus Marine.

Copernicus Marine (BAL MFC)

Baltic Sea currents, waves, sea level and ice forecasts from the Copernicus Baltic centre.

Copernicus Marine (NWS MFC)

Currents, sea level and temperature for the North-West European Shelf.

Copernicus Marine (IBI MFC)

Ocean forecasts for the Iberia–Biscay–Ireland region.

Copernicus Marine (MED MFC)

Mediterranean currents, waves and sea level forecasts.

Copernicus Marine (BS MFC)

Black Sea currents, waves and sea level forecasts.

Copernicus Marine (ARC MFC)

Arctic ocean and sea-ice forecasts from the TOPAZ system.

NOAA / NCEP

NOAA's daily global HYCOM-based ocean current forecast, widely used for Gulf Stream routing.

US Navy

The US Navy global ocean model for currents and temperature.

NOAA / NOS

Coastal current and water-level forecasts for US estuaries such as Chesapeake Bay, New York Harbor and San Francisco Bay.

NOAA

NOAA storm surge and total water level forecasts.

DMI

Danish ocean model for Baltic and North Sea currents, sea level and ice.

BSH

The German Maritime Agency's current and water-level model for the German Bight and western Baltic.

SMHI

SMHI's ocean model for the Baltic and North Sea.

MET Norway

MET Norway's coastal and shelf current models from the Norwegian coast to the Barents Sea.

FMI, SMHI

Sea-ice charts and forecasts for winter and spring navigation in the Baltic.

NOAA / ESR

Satellite-derived global surface current analysis (not a forecast).

Google DeepMind

Google DeepMind's machine-learning model for tropical cyclone track, intensity and wind structure, tested by the US National Hurricane Center in 2025.

NOAA / NHC

Official tropical cyclone advisories for the Atlantic and Eastern Pacific, issued every 6 hours when storms are active.

NOAA / CPHC

Tropical cyclone advisories for the Central Pacific around Hawaii.

US Navy JTWC

Tropical cyclone warnings for the Western Pacific, Indian Ocean and Southern Hemisphere.

WMO Regional Specialised Meteorological Centres

Official advisories from Tokyo, New Delhi, La Réunion, Nadi and the Australian tropical cyclone warning centres.

NOAA

NOAA's high-resolution hurricane model (successor to HWRF/HMON), run for active storms.

WMO METAREA issuing services

High-seas forecasts and warnings for each METAREA, broadcast via SafetyNET and NAVTEX.

NOAA / OPC & NHC

US offshore-zone and high-seas text forecasts from the Ocean Prediction Center and NHC.

Sailmail Association

Free email-based GRIB and text-forecast service widely used offshore over satellite and HF email.

PredictWind

Routing and forecast service offering its own PWG/PWE models alongside public ones.

Windy.com

A popular forecast visualisation site and app showing many global and regional models.

LuckGrib

A GRIB viewer and downloader app with efficient satellite-friendly delivery.

Great Circle

A GRIB and routing platform offering many models, including high-resolution regional ones.

Open source

An open-source GRIB viewer with a free download service for several public models.

Meteoblue

A commercial forecast service offering multi-model comparisons and its own model runs.

Windguru

A wind forecast site popular with sailors and surfers, showing several global and regional models.

Open-Meteo

An open-source weather API redistributing many national weather models.

PassageWeather

Sailing weather site showing seven-day wind and wave forecasts for the oceans, with weather routing, race forecasting and historical data as services.

Sofar Ocean

Point forecasts for offshore positions with wind, swell and tide, popular with offshore boaters and anglers.

Sofar Ocean

Marine weather and data services built on its network of Spotter buoys, which supply real-time wave and wind observations.

SailFlow

Wind forecasts and live wind reports from a large network of coastal weather stations, used for racing and day sailing.

Commanders' Weather

Marine weather forecasting and routing service for racing and cruising yachts.

Ocean-Pro Weather

Weather routing service for yachts.

Weather4D

Weather routing and GRIB app for sailors, with many public models and a large user base in France.

SailGrib

Android and iOS GRIB viewer and weather-routing app for sailors, downloading public model data.

qtVlm

Free navigation and weather-routing software that downloads GRIB files from public models.

Expedition Marine

Navigation and routing software widely used in offshore racing, downloading GRIBs from many public and commercial models.

Windfinder

Wind and wave forecasts for sailors, kitesurfers and windsurfers, built on public models plus its own high-resolution runs.